Welcome to Part 2 of the Profit and Loss Questions with Answers series. This practice set contains Questions 11–20, specially created for aspirants preparing for IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Assistant, LIC AAO, SSC CGL, RRB, and other competitive examinations.
In this part, you will practice a new set of moderate-level Profit and Loss questions covering important concepts such as marked price, discount, effective cost price, additional expenses, damaged goods, reverse calculations, bulk purchases, and mixed profit scenarios. Each question is designed to strengthen your problem-solving skills and improve your calculation speed.
Every question is accompanied by a step-by-step solution, a shortcut method, and a banking exam tip to help you understand the concept clearly and solve similar questions more efficiently in the examination. The questions are arranged in a logical sequence so that your confidence and accuracy improve with regular practice.
Complete this practice set carefully, understand every solution, and try to solve the questions using the shortcut methods before checking the detailed explanation. After finishing Questions 11–20, continue with the next part of the series to build a strong command over the entire Profit and Loss topic and improve your Quantitative Aptitude preparation for competitive exams.
Table of Contents
Profit & Loss Questions (Premium Edition)
Part 2 (Questions 11–20)
📌 Question 11
📝 Question
A trader purchased an article for ₹24,000 and spent 15% of the purchase price on transportation and insurance. He then marked the article 40% above the effective cost price and offered successive discounts of 15% and 10%. Find his overall profit percentage.
📌 Given
- Purchase Price = ₹24,000
- Additional Expenses = 15%
- Markup = 40%
- Discounts = 15%, 10%
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Effective Cost Price = ₹24,000 × 115%
= ₹27,600
Net SP factor:
140% × 85% × 90%
= 107.1%
Therefore,
Profit = 7.1%
✅ Final Answer
7.1% Profit
📌 Question 12
📝 Question
A retailer marks an article 75% above its cost price. He offers successive discounts of 20% and 12% and pays 5% commission on the selling price to an online marketplace. If his net profit is ₹4,260, find the cost price of the article.
📌 Given
- Markup = 75%
- Discounts = 20%, 12%
- Commission = 5%
- Net Profit = ₹4,260
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Assume CP = ₹100.
Net amount received:
175% × 80% × 88% × 95%
= 117.04% of CP
Profit = 17.04%
Therefore,
17.04% of CP = ₹4,260
CP = ₹4,260 × 100 ÷ 17.04
= ₹25,000
✅ Final Answer
₹25,000
📌 Question 13
📝 Question
A wholesaler purchased 500 mixer grinders at ₹640 each and spent ₹40,000 on freight and insurance. During transportation, 40 grinders were damaged and sold at 50% of their effective cost price. The remaining grinders were sold at ₹900 each. Find the overall profit percentage.
📌 Given
- Quantity = 500
- Purchase Price = ₹640 each
- Freight & Insurance = ₹40,000
- Damaged = 40
- Damaged SP = 50% of effective CP
- Remaining SP = ₹900 each
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Effective CP:
500 × ₹640 + ₹40,000
= ₹3,60,000
Effective CP per grinder:
₹3,60,000 ÷ 500
= ₹720
SP of damaged grinders:
40 × ₹720 × 50%
= ₹14,400
SP of remaining grinders:
460 × ₹900
= ₹4,14,000
Total SP:
₹4,14,000 + ₹14,400
= ₹4,28,400
Profit:
₹4,28,400 − ₹3,60,000
= ₹68,400
Profit %:
₹68,400 ÷ ₹3,60,000 × 100
= 19%
✅ Final Answer
19% Profit
📌 Question 14
📝 Question
A dealer marked an appliance 50% above its cost price and offered successive discounts of 20% and 10%. If the customer paid ₹18,900, find the cost price of the appliance.
📌 Given
- Markup = 50%
- Discounts = 20%, 10%
- Selling Price = ₹18,900
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Net SP factor:
150% × 80% × 90%
= 108% of CP
Therefore,
108% of CP = ₹18,900
CP = ₹18,900 × 100 ÷ 108
= ₹17,500
✅ Final Answer
₹17,500
📌 Question 15
📝 Question
A trader sold two articles for ₹7,200 each. On one article he earned a 20% profit, while on the other he incurred a 20% loss. Find his overall profit or loss percentage.
📌 Given
- SP of each article = ₹7,200
- Profit on first = 20%
- Loss on second = 20%
⚡ Shortcut Solution
For equal selling prices and equal profit/loss percentage:
Overall loss = x² / 100
= 20² ÷ 100
= 4%
✅ Final Answer
4% Loss
📌 Question 16
📝 Question
A dishonest merchant purchases goods by receiving 20% more quantity than the quantity for which he pays. While selling, he uses a false weight and gives only 800 g instead of 1 kg. He marks his goods 20% above cost price and gives a 10% discount. Find his overall profit percentage.
📌 Given
- Buying advantage = 20%
- Actual quantity sold = 800 g per 1 kg
- Markup = 20%
- Discount = 10%
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Markup and discount factor:
120% × 90%
= 108%
Buying advantage factor:
= 120%
Selling false-weight factor:
1 kg ÷ 800 g
= 1.25
Overall factor:
1.08 × 1.20 × 1.25
= 1.62
Therefore,
Profit = 62%
✅ Final Answer
62% Profit
📌 Question 17
📝 Question
An employee’s salary was increased by 20%. From the revised salary, 15% was deducted as tax, and he saved 35% of the post-tax salary. If his monthly savings were ₹70,000, find his original monthly salary.
📌 Given
- Salary increase = 20%
- Tax = 15% of revised salary
- Savings = 35% of post-tax salary
- Savings = ₹70,000
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Overall factor from original salary to savings:
120% × 85% × 35%
= 35.7%
Therefore,
35.7% of original salary = ₹70,000
Original Salary
= ₹70,000 × 100 ÷ 35.7
= ₹1,96,078.43
✅ Final Answer
₹1,96,078.43 (Approx.)
📌 Question 18
📝 Question
The population of a city increased by 30% in the first year. During the second year, 15% of the population migrated to another city. If the population after these changes became 1,76,800, find the original population.
📌 Given
- First-year increase = 30%
- Migration = 15%
- Final population = 1,76,800
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Net factor:
130% × 85%
= 110.5%
Therefore,
110.5% of original population = ₹1,76,800
Original population:
= 1,76,800 × 100 ÷ 110.5
= 1,60,000
✅ Final Answer
1,60,000
📌 Question 19
📝 Question
In an election, 12% of registered voters did not vote. Of the votes polled, 5% were invalid. The winning candidate secured 58% of the valid votes and defeated the other candidate by 3,344 votes. Find the total number of registered voters.
📌 Given
- Non-voters = 12%
- Invalid votes = 5% of votes polled
- Winner = 58% of valid votes
- Victory margin = 3,344
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Votes polled:
= 88% of total voters
Valid votes:
= 88% × 95%
= 83.6%
Margin between candidates:
= 58% − 42%
= 16% of valid votes
Therefore, margin as percentage of total voters:
83.6% × 16%
= 13.376%
So,
13.376% of total voters = 3,344
Total voters:
= 3,344 × 100 ÷ 13.376
= 25,000
✅ Final Answer
25,000 voters
📌 Question 20
📝 Question
A trader mixes varieties A and B of rice in the ratio 5 : 3. Variety A costs ₹48 per kg, while variety B costs ₹72 per kg. He sells 40% of the mixture at a 25% profit and the remaining 60% at ₹52.50 per kg. Find his overall profit percentage.
📌 Given
- A : B = 5 : 3
- A CP = ₹48/kg
- B CP = ₹72/kg
- 40% sold at 25% profit
- 60% sold at ₹52.50/kg
⚡ Shortcut Solution
Cost price of mixture:
= (5 × 48 + 3 × 72) ÷ 8
= ₹57/kg
First 40%:
Profit = 25%
Second 60%:
Profit/Loss factor
= ₹52.50 ÷ ₹57
= 92.105%
So, loss = 7.895%
Overall profit:
= 40% × 25% − 60% × 7.895%
= 10% − 4.737%
= 5.263%
✅ Final Answer
5.26% Profit (Approx.)
Recommended Reading:-
Part 1: Profit and Loss Questions with Answers (Questions 1–10)
Part 3: Profit and Loss Questions with Answers (Questions 21–30)
⚡ Shortcut Trick of the Day
Successive Percentage Changes
If a value is increased by x% and then decreased by y%, the net percentage change is:
Net Change = x − y − (x × y)/100
For example:
20% increase followed by 10% decrease:
20 − 10 − (20 × 10)/100
= 8% increase
4. 👑 Challenge Question
A trader purchases an article after receiving a 20% discount on its marked price. He spends 10% of the purchase price on transportation and repairs. He then marks the article 50% above the effective cost price and offers successive discounts of 20% and 10%. If his final profit is ₹5,400, find the marked price of the article.
5. ❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. How do I calculate profit percentage when additional expenses are given?
Profit percentage should be calculated using the effective cost price, which includes relevant additional expenses.
Q2. How are successive discounts calculated?
Successive discounts are applied one after another rather than added directly.
Q3. Are these Profit and Loss questions useful for banking exams?
Yes. These questions are designed for quantitative aptitude practice and cover concepts useful for banking and other competitive examinations.
Q4. What is the difference between marked price and cost price?
Cost price is the amount paid to acquire an article, while marked price is the price displayed by the seller before applying discounts.
