Welcome to Part 4 of the Profit and Loss Questions with Answers series. This practice set contains Questions 31–40, specially designed for aspirants preparing for IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Assistant, LIC AAO, SSC CGL, RRB, and other competitive examinations.

In this part, you will practice a fresh set of moderate-level Profit and Loss questions based on important exam-oriented concepts such as effective cost price, marked price, successive discounts, defective and damaged goods, transportation expenses, mixed selling prices, and reverse calculations. These questions closely follow the pattern commonly seen in banking and other competitive exams.

Each question is accompanied by a step-by-step solution, a shortcut method, and a banking exam tip to help you understand the concept clearly and solve similar questions more quickly in the examination. The solutions are presented in a clean, exam-style format to improve both your conceptual understanding and calculation speed.

Before checking the solutions, try solving each question on your own. Once you complete Questions 31–40, continue with the next practice set to build a strong foundation in Profit and Loss and enhance your Quantitative Aptitude preparation for banking, insurance, SSC, railway, and other competitive examinations.

Profit & Loss Questions (Premium Edition)

Question 31

Question

A dealer purchased 50 microwave ovens at ₹4,800 each. He spent ₹10,000 on transportation and insurance. He sold all the microwave ovens at ₹5,400 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Number of microwave ovens = 50
• Cost Price per oven = ₹4,800
• Transportation & Insurance = ₹10,000
• Selling Price per oven = ₹5,400

Formula

Effective Cost Price = Purchase Cost + Additional Expenses

Profit = Total Selling Price − Effective Cost Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Effective Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Purchase Cost

= 50 × ₹4,800

= ₹2,40,000

Step 2: Calculate Effective Cost Price

= ₹2,40,000 + ₹10,000

= ₹2,50,000

Step 3: Calculate Total Selling Price

= 50 × ₹5,400

= ₹2,70,000

Step 4: Calculate Profit

= ₹2,70,000 − ₹2,50,000

= ₹20,000

Step 5: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{20000}{250000}\times100=8\%$$25000020000​×100=8%

Final Answer

✅ 8% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

Extra cost = ₹10,000

Effective CP = ₹2,50,000

Profit = ₹20,000

Since

₹20,000 = 8% of ₹2,50,000

Profit = 8%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

Always include transportation, insurance, labour, or repair charges in the cost price before calculating profit or loss.

Question 32

Question

A shopkeeper marked an article 25% above its cost price and offered two successive discounts of 10% and 10%. Find the profit or loss percentage.

Given

• Markup = 25%
• Successive Discounts = 10% and 10%

Formula

Net Selling Price Factor

= (100 + Markup%) × (100 − First Discount%) × (100 − Second Discount%) / 100²

Solution

Marked Price

= 125% of Cost Price

After first discount

= 125% × 90%

= 112.5%

After second discount

= 112.5% × 90%

= 101.25%

Therefore,

Profit

= 101.25% − 100%

= 1.25%

Final Answer

✅ 1.25% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

$$125\times90\times90=10125$$125×90×90=10125

Net Selling Price

= 101.25% of CP

Hence,

Profit = 1.25%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

Successive discounts should always be applied one after another, never added directly.

Question 33

Question

A wholesaler purchased 180 cartons of juice at ₹420 each. During transportation, 12 cartons were damaged completely. The remaining cartons were sold at ₹480 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Quantity Purchased = 180 cartons
• Cost Price per carton = ₹420
• Damaged cartons = 12
• Cartons sold = 168
• Selling Price per carton = ₹480

Formula

Total Cost Price = Quantity Purchased × Cost Price

Total Selling Price = Quantity Sold × Selling Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Total Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Total Cost Price

= 180 × ₹420

= ₹75,600

Step 2: Calculate Total Selling Price

= 168 × ₹480

= ₹80,640

Step 3: Calculate Profit

= ₹80,640 − ₹75,600

= ₹5,040

Step 4: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{5040}{75600}\times100 =6.67\% \text{ (Approx.)}$$756005040​×100=6.67% (Approx.)

Final Answer

✅ 6.67% Profit (Approx.)

⭐ Shortcut Method

Profit = ₹5,040

CP = ₹75,600$$\frac{5040}{75600}=\frac{1}{15}$$756005040​=151​

Profit %

= 6.67%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

Look for fractions that simplify easily. Here,$$\frac{5040}{75600}=\frac{1}{15}$$756005040​=151​

which immediately gives 6.67%.

Question 34

Question

A trader sold an article for ₹18,400 after allowing a 20% discount on the marked price. If the marked price was 25% above the cost price, find the profit percentage.

Given

• Selling Price = ₹18,400
• Markup = 25%
• Discount = 20%

Formula

Selling Price

= Cost Price × (125% × 80%)

Profit %

= (Selling Price Factor − 100%)

Solution

Net Selling Price Factor

= 125% × 80%

= 100%

Thus,

Selling Price = Cost Price

Therefore,

Profit = 0%

Final Answer

✅ No Profit, No Loss

⭐ Shortcut Method

125% × 80%

= 100%

Therefore,

Selling Price = Cost Price

No further calculation is required.

💡 Banking Exam Tip

Whenever the net selling price factor becomes 100%, you can immediately mark No Profit, No Loss without calculating actual rupee values.

Question 35

Question

A trader purchased 120 mixer grinders at ₹1,500 each. He spent ₹6,000 on transportation and ₹3,000 on packaging. He sold 80 mixer grinders at ₹1,800 each and the remaining 40 at ₹1,650 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Number of mixer grinders = 120
• Cost Price per mixer grinder = ₹1,500
• Transportation Charges = ₹6,000
• Packaging Charges = ₹3,000
• Selling Price of 80 grinders = ₹1,800 each
• Selling Price of 40 grinders = ₹1,650 each

Formula

Effective Cost Price = Purchase Cost + Additional Expenses

Profit = Total Selling Price − Effective Cost Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Effective Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Purchase Cost

= 120 × ₹1,500

= ₹1,80,000

Step 2: Calculate Effective Cost Price

= ₹1,80,000 + ₹6,000 + ₹3,000

= ₹1,89,000

Step 3: Calculate Total Selling Price

= (80 × ₹1,800) + (40 × ₹1,650)

= ₹1,44,000 + ₹66,000

= ₹2,10,000

Step 4: Calculate Profit

= ₹2,10,000 − ₹1,89,000

= ₹21,000

Step 5: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{21000}{189000}\times100 = 11.11\% \text{ (Approx.)}$$18900021000​×100=11.11% (Approx.)

Final Answer

✅ 11.11% Profit (Approx.)

⭐ Shortcut Method

Profit = ₹21,000

Effective CP = ₹1,89,000$$\frac{21000}{189000} = \frac{1}{9}$$18900021000​=91​

Profit %

= 11.11%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

When multiple additional expenses are given, add them together first, then calculate the effective cost price.

See Also:

100 Profit and Loss Questions with Answers

Question 36

Question

A retailer marked an article 80% above its cost price. During a clearance sale, he offered two successive discounts of 20% and 25%. Find the profit percentage.

Given

• Markup = 80%
• First Discount = 20%
• Second Discount = 25%

Formula

Net Selling Price Factor

= (100 + Markup%) × (100 − First Discount%) × (100 − Second Discount%) / 100²

Profit %

= Net Selling Price Factor − 100%

Solution

Marked Price

= 180% of Cost Price

After first discount

= 180% × 80%

= 144%

After second discount

= 144% × 75%

= 108%

Profit

= 108% − 100%

= 8%

Final Answer

✅ 8% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

$$180\times80\times75 = 10800$$180×80×75=10800

Net Selling Price

= 108% of Cost Price

Profit = 8%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

For markup and successive discount questions, multiply the percentage factors directly instead of calculating the marked and selling prices separately.

Question 37

Question

A dealer purchased 250 ceramic plates at ₹160 each. During transportation, 20 plates broke completely. He sold the remaining plates at ₹190 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Total plates purchased = 250
• Cost Price per plate = ₹160
• Broken plates = 20
• Plates sold = 230
• Selling Price per plate = ₹190

Formula

Total Cost Price = Quantity Purchased × Cost Price

Total Selling Price = Quantity Sold × Selling Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Total Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Total Cost Price

= 250 × ₹160

= ₹40,000

Step 2: Calculate Total Selling Price

= 230 × ₹190

= ₹43,700

Step 3: Calculate Profit

= ₹43,700 − ₹40,000

= ₹3,700

Step 4: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{3700}{40000}\times100 = 9.25\%$$400003700​×100=9.25%

Final Answer

✅ 9.25% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

Profit = ₹3,700

CP = ₹40,000$$\frac{3700}{40000}\times100 = 9.25\%$$400003700​×100=9.25%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

In damaged goods questions, never reduce the purchase quantity while calculating the total cost price. The loss due to damaged goods is already reflected in the reduced selling quantity.

Question 38

Question

A retailer purchased 100 electric irons at ₹1,200 each. He spent ₹5,000 on transportation. During storage, 5 irons became defective and were sold at ₹800 each, while the remaining 95 irons were sold at ₹1,450 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Number of electric irons = 100
• Cost Price per iron = ₹1,200
• Transportation Charges = ₹5,000
• Defective irons = 5
• SP of defective irons = ₹800 each
• SP of remaining 95 irons = ₹1,450 each

Formula

Effective Cost Price = Purchase Cost + Additional Expenses

Profit = Total Selling Price − Effective Cost Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Effective Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Purchase Cost

= 100 × ₹1,200

= ₹1,20,000

Step 2: Calculate Effective Cost Price

= ₹1,20,000 + ₹5,000

= ₹1,25,000

Step 3: Calculate Total Selling Price

= (95 × ₹1,450) + (5 × ₹800)

= ₹1,37,750 + ₹4,000

= ₹1,41,750

Step 4: Calculate Profit

= ₹1,41,750 − ₹1,25,000

= ₹16,750

Step 5: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{16750}{125000}\times100 = 13.4\%$$12500016750​×100=13.4%

Final Answer

✅ 13.4% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

Total SP

= ₹1,37,750 + ₹4,000

= ₹1,41,750

Profit

= ₹16,750$$\frac{16750}{125000}\times100 = 13.4\%$$12500016750​×100=13.4%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

If defective goods are sold at a lower price instead of being discarded, include their selling price in the total selling price before calculating profit or loss.

Question 39

Question

A shopkeeper sold an article for ₹14,950 after giving a 15% discount on its marked price. If the article was marked 40% above its cost price, find the profit percentage.

Given

• Selling Price = ₹14,950
• Markup = 40%
• Discount = 15%

Formula

Net Selling Price Factor

= (100 + Markup%) × (100 − Discount%) / 100

Profit %

= Net Selling Price Factor − 100%

Solution

Net Selling Price Factor

= 140% × 85%

= 119% of Cost Price

Profit

= 119% − 100%

= 19%

(Verification: 119% of CP = ₹14,950 ⇒ CP = ₹14,950 × 100 ÷ 119 ≈ ₹12,563.03. Profit ≈ ₹2,386.97, which is 19% of CP.)

Final Answer

✅ 19% Profit

⭐ Shortcut Method

140 × 85 = 11,900

Therefore,

Selling Price = 119% of Cost Price

Profit = 19%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

When only the profit percentage is asked, avoid calculating the actual cost price unless required. Use percentage factors directly.

Question 40

Question

A wholesaler purchased 300 school bags at ₹450 each. He spent ₹9,000 on transportation and storage. Out of the total bags, 15 bags were damaged and sold at ₹250 each, while the remaining 285 bags were sold at ₹560 each. Find the overall profit percentage.

Given

• Number of bags purchased = 300
• Cost Price per bag = ₹450
• Transportation & Storage Charges = ₹9,000
• Damaged bags = 15
• SP of damaged bags = ₹250 each
• SP of remaining bags = ₹560 each

Formula

Effective Cost Price = Purchase Cost + Additional Expenses

Profit = Total Selling Price − Effective Cost Price

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Effective Cost Price) × 100

Solution

Step 1: Calculate Purchase Cost

= 300 × ₹450

= ₹1,35,000

Step 2: Calculate Effective Cost Price

= ₹1,35,000 + ₹9,000

= ₹1,44,000

Step 3: Calculate Total Selling Price

= (285 × ₹560) + (15 × ₹250)

= ₹1,59,600 + ₹3,750

= ₹1,63,350

Step 4: Calculate Profit

= ₹1,63,350 − ₹1,44,000

= ₹19,350

Step 5: Calculate Profit Percentage$$\frac{19350}{144000}\times100 = 13.44\% \text{ (Approx.)}$$14400019350​×100=13.44% (Approx.)

Final Answer

✅ 13.44% Profit (Approx.)

⭐ Shortcut Method

Profit = ₹19,350

Effective CP = ₹1,44,000$$\frac{19350}{144000}\times100 = 13.44\%$$14400019350​×100=13.44%

💡 Banking Exam Tip

For questions involving damaged goods sold at a reduced price, remember:

• Include all additional expenses in the cost price.
• Add the selling price of both normal and damaged goods.
• Compare the total selling price with the effective cost price.

💡 Shortcut Trick of the Day

Shortcut: Convert Successive Discounts into a Single Discount

In Profit and Loss questions, two successive discounts should never be added directly. Instead, use this quick formula:

Net Discount = First Discount + Second Discount − (First Discount × Second Discount ÷ 100)

Example

A shopkeeper offers successive discounts of 20% and 15%.

Net Discount

= 20 + 15 − (20 × 15 ÷ 100)

= 35 − 3

= 32%

This means giving 20% and 15% discounts one after another is equivalent to giving a single discount of 32%.

Why This Shortcut Works

The second discount is applied on the reduced price, not on the original marked price. Therefore, simply adding the discounts gives an incorrect answer.

Exam Tip

Whenever you see two successive discounts, calculate the net discount first. This saves time and reduces unnecessary calculations, especially in banking exams where speed is crucial.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are these Profit and Loss questions suitable for banking exams?

Yes. These questions are designed for IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Assistant, LIC AAO, RRB, SSC CGL, and similar competitive examinations.

2. Does every question include a shortcut method?

Yes. Every question comes with a detailed solution, a shortcut method, and a banking exam tip.

3. What is the difficulty level of this practice set?

This set contains moderate-level questions, making it suitable for candidates who have already completed the basics of Profit and Loss.

4. Are these questions original?

Yes. Every question in this series is created from scratch and is designed to reflect the style of competitive examinations.

5. Where can I find the next practice set?

You can continue your preparation by solving Profit and Loss Questions with Answers (Questions 41–50) in the next part of this series.

What You’ll Learn in This Practice Set

By solving Questions 31–40, you will strengthen your understanding of:

• Effective Cost Price
• Marked Price and Discounts
• Successive Discounts
• Damaged and Defective Goods
• Mixed Selling Price Scenarios
• Reverse Profit and Loss Calculations
• Bulk Purchase Transactions
• Time-saving Shortcut Methods

This practice set is designed to improve both your calculation speed and conceptual accuracy for banking and other competitive examinations.

📖 Previous Articles

• Profit and Loss Questions (1–10)
• Profit and Loss Questions (11–20)
• Profit and Loss Questions (21–30)

🎯 Challenge Question for You

Think you have mastered today’s practice set? Here’s a challenge!

A shopkeeper purchased an article for ₹2,400. He marked it 25% above the cost price and then allowed a 12% discount on the marked price. Find the profit percentage.

A. 8%
B. 10%
C. 12%
D. 15%

💬 Can you solve it without using a calculator?

Write your answer in the comments section along with your solution.

Good luck!